I selected the simplest text I could find and picked out a few portions from each chapter that I consider the most important: certain theories and experiments. Then I gave the students the task of explaining those topics to the rest of the class—but not just one assigned topic per student. I told them that every student must be prepared to describe every point to be covered every day.

With fear and trepidation, I presented this plan to my first class. They were very nervous, as was I, but I told them it was only an experiment and if it didn't work, we'd go back to a more traditional structure.

I've now done this three times. It works.

For each class, I simply put all the students' names on tags in a jar, and, for each topic, draw out a student's name. They can use notes and even the text, but their answers have to be in their own words. With this requirement, almost all my students read and try very hard to comprehend the textbook in a gradual, meaningful way, which I consider to be a major accomplishment. The fear of being called on keeps everyone's attention level high throughout each class period. Sometimes they succeed in understanding the material, sometimes not. When they do, it's clear to everyone. When they don't, they can call on other students for help. Many volunteer to help each other out. They laugh and smile, encourage, and whisper hints to each other. They spontaneously offer clarifying examples.

If no other students can help, I step in and explain, and they're ready to listen. Occasionally the text isn't as clear as it could be. When that happens, the students are clearly delighted to learn that not all problems are theirs. This format also makes it possible and natural for the students and me to disagree with the author (and with other theorists) without causing mind-closing concern brought on by "what's the right answer for the exam?" Instead of focusing on the "right" answer, the students gain more confidence in thinking for themselves. We all have a real learning experience. I enjoy myself. So do they.